President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclusive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enormous responsibility of safeguarding flying passengers and telling them, “You better do [5] your job.”
The president spoke after several controllers were caught asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control, Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
[10] “The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The fact is, when you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the air, you [15] better do your job. So, there’s an element of individual responsibility that has to be dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their airports.
[20] The president said a full review of air traffic control work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems. Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are they getting enough rest time?” [25] Obama said.
He added, however, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan [30] National Airport after a controller apparently fell asleep.
Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith International Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of a departing aircraft to another [35] control center and it took repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the worker even took pillows and [40] cushions from a break room to build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A controller fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in Reno was snoozing when a [45] plane carrying a critically ill passenger was seeking permission to land.
The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” [50] and “fatigue can occur at any time, on any shift.”
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts. “When we’re constantly having to [55] adjust to different work schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: [60] they often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation between radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of task that’s hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
[65] One recommendation from the government study suggests allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of [70] an eight hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell politically. It has taken decades to try to come up with new fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it comes to controllers.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic--controllers-individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA__XpFceSo. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
A comparison between Texts I and II reveals that
only Text I discusses how the absence of sleep can disturb the routine of air traffic controllers.
only Text II introduces a list of recommendations to improve the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers.
neither Text I nor Text II seem to be concerned with improving air traffic controllers’ health conditions.
both Text I and Text II mention alarming situations resulting from air traffic controllers’ sleep deprivation.
Text I tries to justify why air traffic controllers constantly fall asleep while on duty, while Text II only condemns their improper behavior at work.
Cesgranrio • DECEA • Controlador de Tráfego Aéreo
Questão 30 • Gabarito: (D)
A comparison between Texts I and II reveals that
(A) only Text I discusses how the absence of sleep can disturb the routine of air traffic controllers.
(B) only Text II introduces a list of recommendations to improve the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers.
(C) neither Text I nor Text II seem to be concerned with improving air traffic controllers’ health conditions.
(D) both Text I and Text II mention alarming situations resulting from air traffic controllers’ sleep deprivation.
(E) Text I tries to justify why air traffic controllers constantly fall asleep while on duty, while Text II only condemns their improper behavior at work.
Para chancelar a identificação legítima e validar o gabarito oficial, confronta-se o cruzamento intertextual com a sua perfeita síntese de convergência:
01. Comando (Command): Realizar o cotejo intertextual entre os dois blocos de leitura e sinalizar a única relação de convergência legítima.
02. Gatilho (Trigger): Identificar o marcador de síntese global "comparison between Texts I and II reveals" para buscar teses divididas pelos artigos.
03. Operação (Operation): Mapear os eixos macrotemáticos de ambas as peças e expurgar opções que operem com falsos monopólios informativos.
04. Evidência (Evidence): Integrar os relatos de apagão por cansaço descritos na introdução do Texto I com os ganchos jornalísticos de falhas graves do Texto II.
05. Discriminação (Discrimination): Pulverizar restritores do tipo only (A, B), rejeitar negações espúrias (C) e repelir divisões dicotômicas falsas (E).
06. Validação (Validation): Ratificar o acoplamento unificador em que o pronome de totalidade both chancela a presença do tema em ambas as frentes.
07. Decisão (Decision): Cravar a alternativa D na folha definitiva com blindagem hermética e total submissão aos parâmetros do protocolo B3GE™.
Tipo B3GE: 02. Generalização Excessiva (Distorção de Escopo)
Incorre em erro por confinamento temático. O emprego da restrição excludente only Text I invalida a opção, haja vista que o Texto II aborda de forma profunda a exaustão biológica e a desregulação do cotidiano profissional por escalas rotativas.
Tipo B3GE: 02. Generalização Excessiva (Distorção de Escopo)
Sabota a leitura documental das duas frentes. Confere exclusividade de soluções ao operador only Text II, negligenciando deliberadamente que o Texto I também se encerra listando pacotes regulatórios e sestas preventivas para os agentes.
Tipo B3GE: 06. Inversão de Polaridade (Contradição Direta)
Provoca uma leitura absurdamente desalinhada com a verdade das obras. O conector duplo de negação total neither / nor acusa os artigos de indiferença com a saúde física dos controladores, chocando-se com a militância médica de ambos.
Tipo B3GE: 40. Síntese Global dos Eixos Argumentativos (Item Correto)
Consagra o nexo de unificação perfeita. Utiliza adequadamente o quantificador de totalidade inclusiva both para atestar que ambas as produções jornalísticas se ancoram no registro de eventos graves e assustadores decorrentes da falta de sono.
Tipo B3GE: 16. Inversão Argumentativa / Imposição Indevida
Edifica um antagonismo ideológico artificial entre as composições textuais. Alega erroneamente que o Texto I desculpa as falhas (justifica o sono) e o Texto II atua meramente como tribunal moralizador (condena o comportamento), omitindo que ambos debatem causas estruturais e biológicas de forma sóbria.
O Filtro do Reconhecimento do Tronco Comum (🚫): Textos agrupados na mesma prova de concurso dividem de maneira mandatória um "macrotema core" (ex: os riscos da fadiga na aviação, o avanço da inteligência artificial no mercado, os impactos ambientais do plástico). O gabarito de uma comparação global invariavelmente operará para reescrever esse tronco temático comum, unindo as duas produções sob um guarda-chuva conceitual amplo.
O Filtro do Bloqueio de Falsas Oposições Radicais (🔎): Cuidado com itens estruturados na arquitetura "Enquanto o Texto I faz X de forma dócil, o Texto II faz Y de forma agressiva". A Cesgranrio projeta essa dicotomia injetando verbos de julgamento moral ou emocional (justifies vs. condemns, supports vs. attacks) que desfiguram a natureza informativa, técnica e documental padrão dos artigos selecionados para certames públicos.
Taxonomia Core: 40. Synthesis and Global Comprehension
SILO 3 (Macrotema): 12. Public Health
Subtema Técnico: Síntese intertextual e identificação de convergências e eixos argumentativos compartilhados sobre os impactos biológicos da privação de sono.