President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclusive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enormous responsibility of safeguarding flying passengers and telling them, “You better do [5] your job.”
The president spoke after several controllers were caught asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control, Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
[10] “The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The fact is, when you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the air, you [15] better do your job. So, there’s an element of individual responsibility that has to be dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their airports.
[20] The president said a full review of air traffic control work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems. Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are they getting enough rest time?” [25] Obama said.
He added, however, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan [30] National Airport after a controller apparently fell asleep.
Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith International Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of a departing aircraft to another [35] control center and it took repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the worker even took pillows and [40] cushions from a break room to build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A controller fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in Reno was snoozing when a [45] plane carrying a critically ill passenger was seeking permission to land.
The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” [50] and “fatigue can occur at any time, on any shift.”
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts. “When we’re constantly having to [55] adjust to different work schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: [60] they often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation between radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of task that’s hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
[65] One recommendation from the government study suggests allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of [70] an eight hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell politically. It has taken decades to try to come up with new fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it comes to controllers.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic--controllers-individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA__XpFceSo. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
The fragment of Text II “but it might be a tough sell politically.” (lines 70-71) implies that it would be
easy to sell the idea that air traffic controllers need political representatives.
hard to convince air traffic management that controllers need long breaks during their working shifts.
fair to blame the working conditions of air traffic controllers on politicians who defend new job legislation.
possible to persuade politicians to take longer intervals between working shifts.
difficult to argument that sleep experts understand the reasons for sleep disorders of air traffic controllers.
Cesgranrio • DECEA • Controlador de Tráfego Aéreo
Questão 27 • Gabarito: (B)
The fragment of Text II “but it might be a tough sell politically.” (lines 70-71) implies that it would be
(A) easy to sell the idea that air traffic controllers need political representatives.
(B) hard to convince air traffic management that controllers need long breaks during their working shifts.
(C) fair to blame the working conditions of air traffic controllers on politicians who defend new job legislation.
(D) possible to persuade politicians to take longer intervals between working shifts.
(E) difficult to argument that sleep experts understand the reasons for sleep disorders of air traffic controllers.
Para chancelar a identificação legítima e validar o gabarito oficial, confronta-se o fragmento idiomático com o seu real significado conceitual:
01. Comando (Command): Identificar o real significado implícito da expressão idiomática utilizada para qualificar a proposta de pausas operacionais.
02. Gatilho (Trigger): Isolar o conector lógico de implicação semântica "implies that it would be" focado no fragmento das linhas 70-71.
03. Operação (Operation): Traduzir a metáfora de mercado para o ambiente de negociação corporativa, calibrando o grau de dificuldade imposto.
04. Evidência (Evidence): Mapear o encadeamento argumentativo, onde o benefício clínico do repouso bate de frente com a barreira da aprovação política.
05. Discriminação (Discrimination): Expurgar a tradução literal e facilitadora (A), afastar atribuições de culpa (C), barrar atenuantes (D) e desvios de escopo (E).
06. Validação (Validation): Ratificar a perfeita simetria funcional em que algo que é uma venda difícil equivale a ser difícil de convencer a gestão.
07. Decisão (Decision): cravar a alternativa B na folha de respostas definitiva com blindagem integral e autoridade analítica do protocolo B3GE™.
Tipo B3GE: 15. Interpretação Literal de Expressão Idiomática
Sofre colapso interpretativo completo. Decodifica o substantivo figurado sell no sentido de comércio de bens físicos e altera de forma absurda a força do adjetivo modificador tough (árduo/difícil) transformando-o em easy (fácil).
Tipo B3GE: 07. Idiomatic Expressions (Item Correto)
Realiza a correspondência sinônima abstrata de forma irretocável. Compreende que a expressão qualifica a enorme barreira institucional para fazer com que a gerência da agência aceite a concessão de sestas regulamentadas durante o serviço.
Tipo B3GE: 16. Inversão Argumentativa / Imposição Indevida
Gera um nexo causal e acusatório sem amparo factual no texto. Transforma o alerta sobre o embate burocrático e político em uma transferência direta de culpa (blame) direcionada aos legisladores de forma militante.
Tipo B3GE: 11. Deslocamento Semântico (Distorção de Intensidade)
Enfraquece consideravelmente o peso da expressão original. O uso do qualificador possible to persuade neutraliza a força impeditiva e o pessimismo prático contidos no vocábulo tough, camuflando a real resistência do cenário.
Tipo B3GE: 11. Deslocamento Semântico (Distorção de Escopo)
Opera um desvio de alvo analítico severo. Aloca a dificuldade na capacidade de argumentação dos médicos especialistas e na sua compreensão teórica sobre patologias do sono, alterando completamente o foco do obstáculo burocrático da aviação.
O Filtro da Calibragem do Grau de Resistência (🚫): Monitore os adjetivos de intensidade adjacentes à metáfora. Se a expressão qualifica o cenário como tough, steep, uphill ou hard, rejeite distratores que tentem suavizar a barreira burocrática utilizando qualificadores permissivos ou otimistas como possible, potential, easy ou flexible. A voltagem da dificuldade deve ser preservada.
O Filtro da Identificação do Alvo da Resistência (🔎): Em debates sobre segurança de aviação ou saúde pública, quando o texto menciona que uma medida é um obstáculo "político" ou "administrativo", a resposta correta conectará esse desafio ao corpo de gestão, diretorias ou instâncias reguladoras (management / board / authorities). Expurgue itens que desviam essa dificuldade para a capacidade científica dos médicos de entenderem a doença.
Taxonomia Core: 07. Idiomatic Expressions
SILO 3 (Macrotema): 12. Public Health
Subtema Técnico: Interpretação contextual de expressões idiomáticas e equivalência semântica de construções figuradas em contextos político-institucionais.