CESGRANRIO 2011 • Inglês • SEAD-RN • Questão 26 • Professor

Cesgranrio
B3GE™ • Questão Comentada
CESGRANRIO 2011 • Questão Comentada
Secretaria de Estado da Administração do Rio Grande do Norte • Professor de Inglês
26
B3GE™ • Concursos Públicos Questão
CESGRANRIO 2011 • SEAD-RN • Professor de Inglês
🎓 ELT Methodology | 44. Curriculum Design & Educational Policies | 11. Education
Text I
The on-line magazine ELTNEWS interviews Catherine Walter and Michael Swan, co-authors of several books and courses designed to teach English as a Foreign Language

         ELTNEWS
         How has the ELT (English Language Teaching) scene changed since you started in the profession?
         Catherine
         [5] Mostly in terms of the materials available, I think. When I began teaching, classroom materials were thin on the ground, and creating materials for classes took up a lot more of teachers’ time than it does now. This gives today’s teachers a great start - they can [10] see lots of examples of good practice and look at how to build on it. In fact, in many cases, good materials have led professional developments. For example, the growth of interest in learner independence would not have taken off as it has without the excellent [15] self-study books, CDs, readers and so on that are available today. […]
         Michael
         Things have changed enormously. […] Textbooks were pretty unattractive. Applied Linguistics was in [20] its infancy. The buzz-words from the research front were ‘structural syllabus’, ‘audio-visual’ and ‘language laboratory’. Professional associations scarcely existed. All this has changed, mostly for the better. There is excellent professional training. We have a [25] wealth of good textbooks. Applied Linguistics is a long-established and productive field of research. We are supported by several very professional professional associations. Language teaching now has so many components that it’s difficult to list them all.
         [30] One thing that worries me, though, is that language itself (especially grammar and pronunciation) has tended to disappear from language teaching, at least in the UK-based orthodoxy of the last twenty years. Learning a foreign language centrally involves learning [35] the key structures, phonology and vocabulary of that language, and no amount of activity-based fluency practice can compensate if that is neglected.
         ELTNEWS
         How should one respond to a teacher who says [40] that fluency in English is more important than knowing the rules?
         Michael
         Boots might be more important than socks, but most people find it useful to have both. Fluency and [45] accuracy are not alternatives - students need to be fluent in reasonably good English, not in a highly deviant interlanguage. And knowledge of rules can help with this. We believe that, in ways that are not completely understood, declarative knowledge can [50] often aid the development of procedural knowledge - so that knowing some grammar rules can help some students to learn English. […] Unpopular as it may have been recently, practice of forms is important for the development of fluency in a foreign language. We [55] seem to accept that if musicians are good they must have practiced scales. We also know that learner drivers have to practice coordinating the different pedals, but there is a certain resistance to language learners’ needing to practice forms.
         ELTNEWS
         [60] Dictionaries are being made available over the Internet and students can now practice their English from a variety of interactive English-learning Web sites. What role can technology play in the teaching [65] and study of foreign languages?
         Catherine
         Anything that can make practice of forms more attractive will help learners to develop fluency more readily. Some people are more willing to spend [70] time on a game-like activity on a computer than in a classroom; for these people, technology can be a real boom. 
         As interactive sites get more sophisticated, it should be possible for individual learners to take [75] the path that suits them towards mastery of forms - perhaps not the same path for each form or each learner. […]
         ELTNEWS
         What has been your greatest satisfaction from [80] working in the ELT industry?
         Catherine
         Can I have two? One would be the pleasure of putting people in touch with one another: teachers from Russia with teachers from the UK; people [85] teaching refugees from Ethiopia in Israel with people teaching East Asian refugees in Thailand; the Literacy Strategy team of the UK’s Department for Education and Employment with EFL grammar experts. 
         And the other would be the buzz that I get when a [90] teacher comes up after a presentation and says “I’ve been teaching for a long time. But I really learned how to teach from the teacher’s books to your courses.” We put a lot of time and effort into those teacher’s books, trying to think carefully how to make them [95] useful to teachers in different situations, and I think it has made a small difference to the profession.
         Michael
         And three for me. Firstly, the fascination of working with language, such a complex cognition [100] that is exclusively human. Secondly, the privilege of being able to work with and for so many different kinds of people, with such multifarious and endlessly engaging ways of thinking and being. And thirdly, the satisfaction that comes from building bridges between [105] people – and from finding ways of helping people to succeed in the most defying of all enterprises: learning to communicate well in a foreign language.

🔗 Texto adaptado de:
Available at: http://www.eltnews com/features/interviews/2001/06/interview_with_michael_swan_an.html. Retrieved on: 27 Oct. 2011.

According to the Brazilian PCN (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais), specifically in the annex named QECRL (Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas), 2001 adopted in Brazil, there is a methodological warning about the real need of establishing an effective and balanced relationship between grammar and vocabulary on one side and usage and practice on the other. In Swan’s interview, it becomes clear that he would agree with this methodological warning about foreign language teaching. Swan shows that when he

A

states that he is worried that the teaching of foreign language will tend to disappear in the UK.

B

uses a metaphor about boots and socks stating that one might be more important than the other but both are useful and not an alternative to one another.

C

says that, due to UK-based orthodoxy, foreign language teaching centrally focuses on grammar and pronunciation.

D

affirms that activity-based fluency practice has been neglected in the UK and cannot be compensated by the formal teaching of grammar.

E

declares that nowadays there is excellent professional training including focus on grammar and pronunciation.

📊 Revisão da questão
B3GE™ Simulados • Concursos Públicos • Inglês
Cesgranrio • SEAD-RN • Professor
Questão 26 • Gabarito: (B)
Enunciado:

According to the Brazilian PCN (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais), specifically in the annex named QECRL (Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas), 2001 adopted in Brazil, there is a methodological warning about the real need of establishing an effective and balanced relationship between grammar and vocabulary on one side and usage and practice on the other. In Swan’s interview, it becomes clear that he would agree with this methodological warning about foreign language teaching. Swan shows that when he

(A) states that he is worried that the teaching of foreign language will tend to disappear in the UK.
(B) uses a metaphor about boots and socks stating that one might be more important than the other but both are useful and not an alternative to one another.
(C) says that, due to UK-based orthodoxy, foreign language teaching centrally focuses on grammar and pronunciation.
(D) affirms that activity-based fluency practice has been neglected in the UK and cannot be compensated by the formal teaching of grammar.
(E) declares that nowadays there is excellent professional training including focus on grammar and pronunciation.
🔎 Leitura Orientada
A questão avalia a competência de 🎓 ELT Methodology, especificamente a taxonomia de 44. Curriculum Design & Educational Policies. A moldura temática está indexada sob o macrotema de conteúdo 11. Education, exigindo o confronto entre diretrizes de políticas curriculares (PCNs / QECRL) e correntes metodológicas no equilíbrio entre precisão formal e fluência discursiva. O comando baseia-se no gatilho associativo-analógico "Swan shows that when he". O candidato precisa estabelecer um elo conceitual entre o princípio normativo de relação equilibrada (gramática + vocabulário vs. prática + uso) e a célebre metáfora pragmática construída por Michael Swan no decorrer de sua entrevista.

Para chancelar a complementariedade teórica e validar o gabarito oficial, confronta-se o construto normativo com a analogia legítima do autor:
[Balanced Relationship: Form & Usage] ➔ [Fluency & Accuracy are not alternatives] ➔ [Boots & Socks Metaphor] ➔ Option B
A Engine de distratores da banca atua distorcendo o escopo das preocupações da autora (A), aplicando inversões lógicas drásticas sobre as críticas à ortodoxia britânica (C e D) ou forçando falsas associações ideológicas de conteúdos em blocos textuais elogiosos (E).
🟢 GABARITO VERDÃO: (B)
A alternativa (B) é o gabarito oficial. O pensamento de Michael Swan converge exatamente com o alerta de equilíbrio dos documentos curriculares nacionais. Ao criar a conhecida metáfora de que "boots might be more important than socks, but most people find it useful to have both", Swan assevera de forma brilhante que a fluência (fluency) e a precisão gramatical (accuracy) não são caminhos excludentes ou alternativos, mas sim pilares complementares e vitais para a proficiência.
🧠 Regra B3GE™ • Régua das 7 Inteligências Cognitivas:

01. Comando (Command): Identificar em qual momento do depoimento de Michael Swan aparece concordância com o princípio curricular de equilíbrio entre estrutura formal e prática de uso.
02. Gatilho (Trigger): O sintagma de desfecho "Swan shows that when he" direciona o foco mental para encontrar uma representação figurada ou declaração que valide a união harmônica da forma com o uso.
03. Operação (Operation): Mapear os eixos conceituais de accuracy (precisão formal) e fluency (uso prático), correlacionando-os à micropeça de complementariedade curricular.
04. Evidência (Evidence): Resgatar as linhas 43-46 da entrevista, isolando a passagem literal sobre o uso conjunto de botas e meias para justificar a coesão das habilidades.
05. Discriminação (Discrimination): Limar o exagero de escopo de extinção total de aulas (A), repelir as inversões lógicas gritantes de diagnóstico da ortodoxia (C e D) e vetar a imposição indevida de foco (E).
06. Validação (Validation): Confirmar que rejeitar a ideia de que os pilares são alternativas excludentes legitima a busca pelo balanceamento exigido pelos PCNs.
07. Decisão (Decision): Cravar a alternativa B na folha de respostas com precisão e segurança absoluta sob o manto regulamentar B3GE™.
📝 Análise das alternativas (Mapeamento de Restrições Sintático-Regenciais)
(A) ❌ REJEITADA
Tipo B3GE: 04. Deslocamento de Escopo (Distorção de Escopo)
Alarga perigosamente uma queixa pontual do autor. Swan manifesta apreensão com a perda de foco nos aspectos intrínsecos e formais da linguagem ("the language itself is disappearing"), contudo, o distrator exagera ao inventar que o ensino de línguas estrangeiras como instituição vai sumir do Reino Unido.
(B) 🟢 GABARITO VERDÃO
Tipo B3GE: 44. Complementariedade Curricular (Item Correto)
Traduz de forma magistral a posição de equilíbrio. A analogia das botas e meias (boots and socks) serve justamente para demonstrar didaticamente que, embora uma dimensão possa receber pesos ou relevâncias distintas a depender do contexto, ambas são úteis e operam de forma integrada.
(C) ❌ REJEITADA
Tipo B3GE: 06. Inversão de Relação Lógica (Contradição Direta)
Inverte o sinal da crítica do autor. Afirma que a ortodoxia britânica centraliza o ensino em gramática e pronúncia, quando, na verdade, o texto de Michael Swan aponta o cenário diametralmente oposto: a linha pedagógica dominante negligenciou e fez sumir esses elementos.
(D) ❌ REJEITADA
Tipo B3GE: 06. Inversão de Relação Lógica (Contradição Direta)
Troca os papéis dos termos da queixa. Alega que as tarefas focadas em fluência (activity-based fluency practice) foram as grandes vítimas de abandono e que a gramática não daria conta de cobrir o dano. O texto defende a exata inversão: foi a fluência massiva que asfixiou o ensino da forma.
(E) ❌ REJEITADA
Tipo B3GE: 16. Imposição Indevida (Falsa Associação)
Efetua uma fusão artificial de duas ideias independentes. Swan elogia abertamente a qualidade dos treinamentos profissionais modernos ("excellent professional training"), mas em nenhum momento vincula esse elogio à presença de um foco rígido em gramática e pronúncia.
🧠 Resumo B3GE™ Master
Questões que cruzam diretrizes educacionais normativas (PCNs/DCNs) com interpretação de entrevistas na Cesgranrio exigem a aplicação dos escudos B3GE™:

O Filtro da Equivalência Conceito-Metáfora (⚖️): Quando enunciados longos introduzirem teorias institucionais pesadas para em seguida vinculá-las à fala de um autor, simplifique a busca buscando o núcleo da tese. Se o documento curricular pede "relação balanceada", o autor validará isso por meio de uma figura de linguagem de igualdade ou indispensabilidade mútua (como meias e sapatos).
O Filtro do Rastreador de Vítimas de Negligência (🚫): Muito cuidado ao ler sobre o que foi deixado de lado (neglected, disappeared). A Engine de distratores ama trocar o polo do culpado e da vítima na história da metodologia de ensino. Mapeie rigidamente se a corrente criticada pecou pelo excesso ou pela falta de regras estruturais.
O Filtro da Costura Artificial de Parágrafos (🔎): Monitore distratores que constroem orações juntando uma expressão verdadeira da linha 20 com outra expressão verdadeira da linha 40. A frase isolada parecerá correta e familiar aos seus olhos, mas o nexo causal ou a costura regencial entre esses dois blocos nunca foi chancelada pelo autor.
🏛️ Classificação B3GE™ Final
SILO 2 (Competência): 🎓 ELT Methodology
Taxonomia Core: 44. Curriculum Design & Educational Policies
SILO 3 (Macrotema): 11. Education
Subtema Técnico: Confronto entre diretrizes de políticas curriculares (PCNs / QECRL) e correntes metodológicas no equilíbrio entre precisão formal e fluência discursiva.