CESGRANRIO 2010 • Inglês • SEPLAG (Pref. Salvador/BA) • Questão 31 • Professor

Cesgranrio
B3GE™ • Questão Comentada
CESGRANRIO 2010 • Questão Comentada
Secretaria Municipal de Planejamento, Tecnologia e Gestão (SEPLAG) • Professor de Inglês
31
B3GE™ • Concursos Públicos Questão
CESGRANRIO 2010 • SEPLAG (Pref. Salvador/BA) • Professor de Inglês
📖 Reading & Interpretation | 31. Reading Comprehension (Explicit Information • Paraphrasing) | 11. Education
Text I
Teacher Sense of Efficacy

         Teacher sense of efficacy, defined as a teacher’s “judgment of his or her capabilities to bring about desired outcomes of student engagement and learning” (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001, p. 783), is [5] now regarded as a relevant variable in educational research, especially in relation to teacher performance and student achievement gains (Good & Brophy, 2003).
         The strong link between this important construct [10] and student achievement has been demonstrated through many studies, mostly in mainstream education (e.g., Anderson, Greene, & Loewen, 1988; Ashton & Webb, 1986; Bandura, 1997; Good & Brophy, 2003; Midgley et al., 1989; Pajares, 1996; Schunk, 1991; [15] Zimmerman, 1995).
         These studies have shown that teachers with a strong sense of efficacy take more risks, set higher standards for themselves and their students, and provide the potential for higher academic gains [20] among learners (Wood & Bandura, 1989). Teacher efficacy also has been shown to be related to many other behaviors that have the potential to impact student achievement. For instance, teacher efficacy has been shown to be strongly related to teachers’ [25] adoption of innovations (Gusky, 1988; Smylie, 1988) and classroom management strategies (Gibson & Dembo, 1984) which preserve student motivation and self-esteem, both with the possibility of being translated into more success for individual students.
         [30] It is also argued that teacher efficacy may influence student achievement through teacher persistence (Good & Brophy, 2003). Teachers with high efficacy take responsibility for student learning and may view student failure as a push for greater effort to improve [35] achievement. These teachers spend more time monitoring and working with their students (through whole-group instruction, for example), providing the means for higher levels of student engagement. Efficacious teachers are more likely to implement [40] instructional strategies to enhance student learning, rather than just covering the curriculum. They also take more risks and have confidence in overcoming classroom challenges, which contributes to higher student achievement (Good & Brophy, 2003).
         [45] In contrast, teachers with low efficacy feel they have only minimal influence on students’ learning outcomes. Such teachers give up more easily when confronted with difficult situations, are less resourceful, and often feel that students cannot learn [50] because of extenuating circumstances (Ashton & Webb, 1986; Bandura, 1997). Such teachers tend to create classroom cultures that “undermine students’ sense of efficacy and cognitive development” (Bandura, 1995, p. 20) and rely on extrinsic motivation [55] or punishment to get students to study. According to Hoy (2000), pre-service teachers with a low sense of teacher efficacy have an orientation toward control, take a pessimistic view of students’ motivation, and rely more on strict classroom regulations, extrinsic [60] rewards, and punishments to make students study. Teachers who lacked a secure sense of teacher efficacy were reported to “show weak commitment to teaching, spend less time in subject matters in their areas of perceived inefficacy, and devote less overall [65] time to academic matters” (Bandura, 1995, p. 20).
         Teachers’ efficacy beliefs have also been studied with reference to their behavior in the classroom, which in turn helps students’ academic growth. Efficacy influences the effort teachers invest in [70] teaching, the goals they set for their classes, and their level of aspiration (Ware & Kitsantas, 2007); in addition, teachers with a strong sense of efficacy often tend to manifest greater levels of planning and organization (Allinder, 1994). They are also more [75] open to new ideas and tend to experiment with new methods and strategies to better meet the needs of their students (Berman, et al., 1977; Guskey, 1987; Stein & Wang, 1988). Furthermore, efficacy beliefs influence teachers’ persistence when things do not go [80] smoothly and enhance their resilience in the face of setbacks (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001).
         Greater efficacy makes teachers less critical of students when they make errors (Ashton & Webb, 1986) and pushes them to work longer and better [85] with a student who is struggling (Gibson & Dembo, 1984). Teachers with a higher sense of efficacy show greater enthusiasm for and are more inclined towards teaching, feel more commitment to teaching and are more likely to stay in the profession (Burley, et al., 1991; Glickman & Tamashiro, 1982).

🔗 Texto adaptado de:
AKBARI, Ramin & ALLVAR, Nabi Karimi. L2 Teacher Characteristics as Predictors of Students’ Academic Achievement. TESL-EJ (The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language), vol 13, n. 4, March 2010. http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume13/ej52/ej52a2/, Retrieved on August 11, 2010.

The only characteristic that is typical of teachers with a low efficacy level is the capacity of

A

taking risks to implement innovative ideas in the classroom.

B

seeing students’ failures as motivation for improving their teaching.

C

facing challenges that can lead them to explore alternative teaching strategies.

D

implementing severe classroom discipline and sanctions to generate students’ high success rates.

E

putting an extra effort into planning and organizing their courses to incorporate new pedagogical tactics.

📊 Revisão da questão
B3GE™ Simulados • Concursos Públicos • Inglês
Cesgranrio • SEPLAG (Pref. Salvador/BA) • Professor
Questão 31 • Gabarito: (D)
Enunciado:

The only characteristic that is typical of teachers with a low efficacy level is the capacity of

(A) taking risks to implement innovative ideas in the classroom.
(B) seeing students’ failures as motivation for improving their teaching.
(C) facing challenges that can lead them to explore alternative teaching strategies.
(D) implementing severe classroom discipline and sanctions to generate students’ high success rates.
(E) putting an extra effort into planning and organizing their courses to incorporate new pedagogical tactics.
🔎 Leitura Orientada
A questão exige identificar uma informação explícita sobre professores com baixo nível de eficácia e, simultaneamente, excluir características atribuídas ao grupo de alta eficácia. O comando “the only characteristic that is typical” estabelece uma tarefa de identificação e exclusão.

As alternativas A, B, C e E descrevem comportamentos relacionados a maior iniciativa, persistência, enfrentamento de desafios, planejamento e adoção de estratégias alternativas — características associadas aos professores de alta eficácia. Já a alternativa D reúne elementos explicitamente associados à baixa eficácia: orientação para o controle, regras rígidas de sala de aula e uso de recompensas extrínsecas e punições.
[Low efficacy] + [control / strict rules / punishments] ➔ [Paráfrase] ➔ Option D
O Motor de Distratores B3GE™ utiliza principalmente a inversão de relação lógica: as alternativas incorretas transferem para professores de baixa eficácia características que o texto associa ao grupo de alta eficácia.
🟢 GABARITO VERDÃO: (D)
A alternativa D é a única compatível com a caracterização explícita dos professores de baixa eficácia. “Severe classroom discipline and sanctions” parafraseia a orientação para o controle, as regras rígidas e as punições associadas a esse grupo no texto.
🧠 Regra B3GE™ • Régua das 7 Inteligências Cognitivas:

01. Comando (Command): identificar a única característica típica de professores com baixo nível de eficácia.
02. Gatilho (Trigger): reconhecer “the only characteristic that is typical of teachers with a low efficacy level” como comando de identificação e exclusão.
03. Operação (Operation): localizar no texto o comportamento atribuído explicitamente aos professores de baixa eficácia e distingui-lo das características do grupo de alta eficácia.
04. Evidência (Evidence): localizar “orientation toward control”, “strict classroom regulations”, “extrinsic rewards, and punishments” nas linhas 54-61.
05. Discriminação (Discrimination): separar as características de baixa eficácia das atitudes associadas à alta eficácia, como assumir riscos, persistir diante de fracassos, enfrentar desafios e ampliar planejamento e organização.
06. Validação (Validation): confirmar que “severe classroom discipline and sanctions” corresponde por paráfrase às regras rígidas e punições associadas aos professores de baixa eficácia.
07. Decisão (Decision): selecionar a alternativa D por ser a única compatível com a caracterização explícita dos professores de baixa eficácia.
📝 Análise das alternativas (Mapeamento de Restrições Sintático-Regenciais)
(A) taking risks to implement innovative ideas in the classroom.
🔴 B3GE™ • 06. Inversão de Relação Lógica

Atribui aos professores de baixa eficácia a disposição para assumir riscos e implementar inovações, características associadas no texto aos professores de alta eficácia.
(B) seeing students’ failures as motivation for improving their teaching.
🔴 B3GE™ • 06. Inversão de Relação Lógica

Atribui aos professores de baixa eficácia uma postura de maior esforço diante do fracasso dos alunos, contrariando a caracterização textual do grupo de alta eficácia.
(C) facing challenges that can lead them to explore alternative teaching strategies.
🔴 B3GE™ • 06. Inversão de Relação Lógica

Atribui aos professores de baixa eficácia uma disposição para enfrentar situações difíceis e explorar alternativas, enquanto o texto caracteriza esse grupo por desistir mais facilmente diante de dificuldades.
(D) implementing severe classroom discipline and sanctions to generate students’ high success rates.
🟢 B3GE™ • 31. Paráfrase Contextual

Correta. Parafraseia corretamente a orientação para o controle, as regras rígidas de sala de aula e o uso de punições associados aos professores com baixo senso de eficácia.
(E) putting an extra effort into planning and organizing their courses to incorporate new pedagogical tactics.
🔴 B3GE™ • 06. Inversão de Relação Lógica

Atribui aos professores de baixa eficácia maiores níveis de planejamento e organização e a adoção de novas táticas pedagógicas, características associadas no texto aos professores de alta eficácia.
🧠 Resumo B3GE™ Master
A questão exige separar dois perfis comportamentais apresentados no texto. O ponto decisivo é identificar o conjunto de características associado à baixa eficácia e não confundi-lo com os comportamentos positivos atribuídos à alta eficácia.
Filtro 1 — Perfil Textual: localizar o comportamento explicitamente atribuído ao grupo de baixa eficácia.
Filtro 2 — Exclusão de Perfil: eliminar características de iniciativa, persistência, enfrentamento de desafios e planejamento associadas à alta eficácia.
Filtro 3 — Paráfrase: “severe classroom discipline and sanctions” corresponde às regras rígidas e punições descritas no texto.
Resultado: controle rígido + disciplina severa + sanções ➔ alternativa D.
🏛️ Classificação B3GE™ Final
SILO 2: 📖 Reading & Interpretation
Taxonomia Core: 31. Reading Comprehension (Explicit Information • Paraphrasing)
SILO 3: 11. Education
Subtema Técnico: Extração de informação explícita e identificação, por paráfrase, de características comportamentais associadas a professores com baixo senso de eficácia.