Margaret Vickers
It is impossible to envision an innovative city without innovative people. To respond to the many challenges innovative cities will face, such cities must have citizens with a passion for discovery, and [5] institutions ready to implement new ideas: but this is not enough. Innovative cities will also depend on education systems that are capable of producing people with open minds; who are willing and able to solve new problems and acquire new skills in contexts [10] of continuing challenge and change. Citizens of innovative cities will need to acquire and exercise a complex combination of knowledges, skills and social capacities that were never expected of their parents or grandparents. Innovative cities will also need to [15] establish and support schools in which young people learn and also practice new social capacities. These will include, for example, the ability to live and work harmoniously with fellow citizens whose languages, religions and cultures may be very different from their [20] own.
In contrast with this vision, the current structure, culture, and curriculum of most secondary schools are not well adapted to meet these challenges. Curriculum options tend to divide ‘academic’ learning from [25] ‘vocational’ training, deliver computing and information technology classes that are seriously out of date, and rely on linear, ‘chalk and talk’ methods of knowledge transfer. While much is being done by regions, states, and even local schools to alter the provision of [30] education to young people, the overall leadership fashioning the policies of large school systems often appears to be stagnant, and caught in bureaucratic inertia. Many schools persist in privileging a curriculum that is geared to students who are university-bound [35] and ignores or marginalizes those with different interests or learning needs. In addition, the structure of schooling often finds schools isolated from their communities, workplaces, and other educational institutions.
[40] This article focuses on three of the most pressing issues facing educational systems as they attempt to respond to present and future challenges.
The first challenge is the emergence of a digital divide between less adapted digital users known as [45] ‘digital immigrants’ and the surprisingly different mind sets of children who have grown up as ‘digital natives’ (Prensky 2001). These ‘digital natives’ have been born into, and are familiar with, such a wide range of technologies that their approach to learning, knowledge [50] acquisition and even social relationships, is vastly different from that of their parents and elders who are often their teachers. How are educational systems to be devised that will respond to these technological natives, yet also deliver knowledge, opportunity and [55] experience that will equip students with the abilities to meet the challenges ahead of them?
The second challenge refers to the problems inherent in mass secondary education. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and [60] Development (OECD) identifies completing a full upper secondary education with a recognised qualification for work, tertiary study, or both as central to the social and economic well-being of individuals, communities and nations (OECD 2006). The challenge of ensuring that [65] all students complete a high school qualification is exacerbated by the increasing diversity of the populations some schools are expected to serve. Given the degree of uniformity and centralization imposed on most high schools by the systems in which they are [70] embedded, most high schools in low-income areas struggle to deliver what is needed.
The third challenge is associated with the changing nature of cities themselves, reflecting the increasing exclusion of particular populations on the basis of [75] geographical location, cultural discrimination, gross income inequality, and poor access to resources. The issue for educational systems is how to create meaningful forms of education to meet the diversified needs of a wide range of students, providing them with [80] opportunities and hope, rather than furthering their exclusion. Crucial as well is the provision of all students with the social capacities, knowledges and skills required to adapt and function within innovative cities.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
Innovation: management, policy & practice (2008)10: vol 2-3; p. 257. http://www.innovation-enterprise.com/archives/vol/10/issue/2-3/article/2628/digital-natives-dropouts-and-refugees.
According to paragraph 1, citizens of innovative cities will need to acquire and exercise knowledges, skills and social capacities such as
establishing a better relationship with their parents and grandparents.
segregating inhabitants from different origins, creeds, and upbringing.
having a passion for discovery, an open mind and a solid religious education.
learning how to establish peaceful relationships with people from different cultural backgrounds.
supporting educational institutions financially and learning how to overcome social challenges.
Cesgranrio • Seduc-Tocantins • Professor
Questão 22 • Gabarito: (D)
According to paragraph 1, citizens of innovative cities will need to acquire and exercise knowledges, skills and social capacities such as
(A) establishing a better relationship with their parents and grandparents.
(B) segregating inhabitants from different origins, creeds, and upbringing.
(C) having a passion for discovery, an open mind and a solid religious education.
(D) learning how to establish peaceful relationships with people from different cultural backgrounds.
(E) supporting educational institutions financially and learning how to overcome social challenges.
Para isolar o núcleo da informação factual e ratificar o gabarito oficial, mapeia-se a evidência textual:
01. Comando (Command): Identificar a proposição que expressa fielmente as competências e capacidades sociais demandadas dos cidadãos conforme o parágrafo 1.
02. Gatilho (Trigger): O sinalizador de restrição espacial "According to paragraph 1" bloqueia extrapolações baseadas em senso comum ou conhecimento prévio.
03. Operação (Operation): Localizar os fragmentos associados a habilidades sociais e confrontar cada alternativa com o exato teor das linhas de referência.
04. Evidência (Evidence): Rastrear a obrigação de convivência e cooperação harmônica em um ecossistema marcado pela pluralidade de línguas e credos.
05. Discriminação (Discrimination): Rejeitar termos que induzem ao isolamento (segregating), apelos a relações familiares fora de foco e aditamentos de cariz estritamente financeiro.
06. Validação (Validation): Confirmar que o par "establish peaceful relationships" e "different cultural backgrounds" atua como o espelho conceitual perfeito da evidência.
07. Decisão (Decision): Cravar a alternativa D na folha de respostas com precisão e segurança absoluta sob o protocolo de salvaguarda B3GE™.
Tipo B3GE: 08. Deslocamento de Referente (Falsa Associação)
Opera uma captura vocabular indevida. O texto cita pais e avós (parents or grandparents) puramente de forma comparativa, indicando que as gerações anteriores não enfrentaram as mesmas exigências complexas da modernidade. A banca desloca esse referencial para criar uma falsa obrigação de "melhorar as relações familiares".
Tipo B3GE: 06. Inversão de Polaridade (Contradição Direta)
Colide frontalmente com o vetor ético do autor. Enquanto a passagem impõe o dever de trabalhar e coexistir de forma integrada e harmônica com indivíduos de múltiplas origens, o distrator introduz o termo segregating (segregar/separar), estabelecendo o oposto exato da orientação de inclusão pretendida.
Tipo B3GE: 02. Generalização Excessiva (Extrapolação Factual)
Aplica uma tática clássica de contaminação. Mistura elementos reais do texto, como a paixão pela descoberta e a mentalidade aberta (passion for discovery, open minds), com um acréscimo inventado: a exigência de uma sólida educação religiosa (solid religious education). O texto menciona religião apenas como fator de diversidade do próximo.
Tipo B3GE: 31. Parafraseamento Semântico
A resposta irretocável. Realiza o mapeamento perfeito dos núcleos conceituais da evidência factual: a ação de "live and work harmoniously" é espelhada com maestria em "establish peaceful relationships", e a pluralidade de línguas, fés e culturas é sintetizada sob o rótulo de "different cultural backgrounds".
Tipo B3GE: 08. Deslocamento de Evidência (Falsa Associação)
Distorce o papel do cidadão na esfera pública. O texto discute o dever social e estatal de criar e manter escolas (establish and support schools). A alternativa sequestra esse fragmento para alegar que os moradores devem financiar individualmente as instituições (supporting financially), inserindo uma obrigação pecuniária inexistente.
O Filtro da Paráfrase Conceitual Limpa (⚖️): Identifique o núcleo da mensagem. Dificilmente o gabarito oficial repetirá os mesmos vocábulos do texto em sequência. A banca prefere reescrever o sentido central com jargões universais equivalentes (trocando harmoniously por peaceful e languages, religions and cultures por cultural backgrounds).
O Filtro do Acréscimo Ideológico Externo (🔎): Rejeite generalizações que tentam aproximar o texto de convicções de senso comum, morais ou de cunho estritamente religioso/financeiro que o autor não defendeu explicitamente. Se o texto fala que a sociedade possui fés diversas, isso não chancela a premissa de que o ensino deva ser obrigatoriamente religioso.
Taxonomia Core: 31. Reading Comprehension (Explicit Information • Paraphrasing)
SILO 3 (Macrotema): 11. Education
Subtema Técnico: A intersecção entre o desenvolvimento de cidades inovadoras e a necessidade de sistemas de ensino que capacitem os cidadãos para a convivência multicultural e a resolução de problemas complexos.