Brazil’s energy sector is following the worldwide tendency towards greater diversification of primary energy sources and the increased use of natural gas and biofuels. There are several reasons for this change. The [5] most important are the environmental restrictions that are gradually being adopted in the world’s principal energy-consuming markets and the need to reduce the dependence on oil, set against a scenario of accelerated depletion in oil reserves and escalating prices.
[10] The share of gas in Brazilian primary energy consumption has more than doubled in a short period, increasing from 4.1% in 1999 to 8.9% in 2004, and this share is forecast to rise to 12% by 2010.
Over the past two decades, the world gas industry [15] has experienced a structural and regulatory transformation. These changes have altered the strategic behaviour of gas firms, with an intensification of competition, the search for diversification (especially in the case of power generation) and the internationalisation [20] of industry activities. Together, these changes have radically changed the economic environment and the level of competition in the industry.
Brazil’s gas industry is characterised by its late development, although in recent years, internal supply [25] imports and demand have grown significantly — the growth trajectory of recent years exceeds that of countries with more mature markets, such as Spain, Argentina, the UK and the US. And the outlook is positive for continued growth over the next few years, particularly [30] when set against the investment plans already announced in Brazil.
The country has a small transportation network concentrated near the coast. The distribution network is concentrated in the major consumption centres. [35] Domestic gas sources are largely offshore in the Campos basin and Bolivia provides imports. Given the degree of gas penetration in the country’s primary energy consumption, the industry is poorly developed when compared with other countries. The industry requires [40] heavy investment in expanding the transport and distribution (T&D) networks, as well as in diversifying and increasing its supplies. Such investments are necessary for realising the industry’s enormous potential.
Another key industry highlight is the changing profile [45] of gas supply. A large part of the gas produced domestically to date has been associated with oil production. The latter diluting or even totally absorbing the costs of exploiting the gas. In most cases, gas production was feasible only in conjunction with oil [50] production activities. However, the country’s latest gas finds are non-associated. Thus, an exclusively dedicated structure must be developed to produce this gas — translating into a significant rise in production costs. This is more significant when analysed against the high costs [55] associated with the market for exploration and production (E&P) sector equipment. In recent years, the leasing costs of drilling rigs and E&P equipment have been climbing in parallel with escalating oil prices. This directly affects endconsumer prices.
[60] In a world of primary energy consumption diversification, of greater environmental restrictions and the reduced dependence on oil, Brazil has been seeking to develop alternative energy sources – principally natural gas and biofuels. The gas industry holds enormous [65] potential for Brazil, although there is still a long way to go before it reaches maturity and major investment is required.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
World Energy in 2006. copyright © 2006, World Energy Council. p.29-31
Check the item in which there is an INCORRECT correspondence between the idea expressed by the words in bold type and the idea in italics.
“— the growth trajectory of recent years exceeded that of countries with more mature markets, such as Spain, Argentina, the UK and the US.” (lines 25-28) — Such as → example
“The industry requires heavy investment in expanding the transport and distribution (T&D) networks, as well as in diversifying and increasing its supplies.” (lines 39-42) — As well as → addition
“However, the country’s latest gas finds are non-associated.” (lines 50-51) — However → contrast
“Thus, an exclusively dedicated structure...” (lines 51-52) — Thus → result
“The gas industry holds enormous potential for Brazil, although there is still a long way to go...” (lines 64-65) — Although → consequence
Cesgranrio • EPE • Nível Superior
Questão 19 • Gabarito: (E)
Check the item in which there is an INCORRECT correspondence between the idea expressed by the words in bold type and the idea in italics.
(A) “— the growth trajectory of recent years exceeded that of countries with more mature markets, such as Spain, Argentina, the UK and the US.” (lines 25-28) — Such as → example
(B) “The industry requires heavy investment in expanding the transport and distribution (T&D) networks, as well as in diversifying and increasing its supplies.” (lines 39-42) — As well as → addition
(C) “However, the country’s latest gas finds are non-associated.” (lines 50-51) — However → contrast
(D) “Thus, an exclusively dedicated structure...” (lines 51-52) — Thus → result
(E) “The gas industry holds enormous potential for Brazil, although there is still a long way to go...” (lines 64-65) — Although → consequence
Para mapear o valor sintático-semântico de cada conector lógico no texto, expõe-se o fluxo:
01. Comando (Command): Localizar a única alternativa que estabelece uma correspondência semanticamente incorreta entre o conectivo e a ideia lógica expressa.
02. Gatilho (Trigger): O termo em destaque "INCORRECT" sinaliza uma análise reversa, onde o erro conceitual é o gabarito e os acertos são distratores.
03. Operação (Operation): Confrontar e classificar o valor lógico-semântico de cada conector frente à etiqueta analítica fornecida pela banca.
04. Evidência (Evidence): Constatar que o contexto de "although there is still a long way to go" introduz uma concessão limitadora e não um resultado prático.
05. Discriminação (Discrimination): Descartar e blindar as correspondências exatas de exemplificação, acréscimo de ideias, oposição direta e consequência lógica.
06. Validação (Validation): Validar que a etiqueta "consequence" colide com o valor de subordinação concessiva próprio do operador textual although.
07. Decisão (Decision): Cravar a alternativa E na folha de respostas com precisão e segurança absoluta sob o protocolo de salvaguarda B3GE™.
Tipo B3GE: Correta por Exclusão (08. Exemplificação Discursiva)
A classificação fornecida pela banca está rigorosamente impecável. A locução prepositiva such as funciona textualmente como um operador de ilustração, introduzindo exemplos práticos e delimitados de países com mercados considerados maduros (Espanha, Argentina, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos).
Tipo B3GE: Correta por Exclusão (08. Adição Discursiva)
Apresenta perfeita adequação semântica. O termo composto as well as atua somando novas premissas discursivas à frase. Ele conecta e adiciona de forma clara a necessidade de diversificação e ampliação de suprimentos à meta anterior de expansão das malhas físicas de transporte e distribuição (T&D).
Tipo B3GE: Correta por Exclusão (08. Contraste Discursivo)
Relação lógica mapeada de forma correta. O advérbio conjuntivo transicional however introduz uma quebra nítida ou contraposição adversativa frente às premissas anteriores, pontuando que o cenário recente do país é marcado por reservas estritamente não associadas ao petróleo.
Tipo B3GE: Correta por Exclusão (08. Relação Consecutiva)
Classificação coerente e indiscutível. O conectivo conclusivo e continuativo thus expressa o desdobramento lógico ou resultado direto decorrente da natureza física do gás não associado, justificando formalmente a obrigatoriedade técnica de se projetar e erguer uma infraestrutura dedicada.
Tipo B3GE: 08. Inversão de Relação Lógica
O alvo do comando negativo. O conector subordinativo although é canonicamente classificado como marcador de concessão (admitindo um fato contraposto sem invalidar o eixo principal). Rotulá-lo como indicador de consequência (consequence) constitui erro técnico flagrante, validando o item.
O Filtro da Varredura de Sinais Negativos (🔎): Em enunciados comandados por expressões como INCORRECT, EXCEPT, NOT true, mude o padrão de leitura imediatamente. Em vez de buscar a alternativa perfeita, valide sistematicamente as quatro corretas com base em certezas gramaticais absolutas (como o valor aditivo de as well as ou exemplificativo de such as).
O Filtro da Autonomia Contextual do Silo (🔌): Questões do ecossistema gramatical e lexical puro dependem pouco da interpretação de ideias macro do texto. Foque a energia analítica estritamente na mecânica da frase isolada e na relação de dependência sintática entre a oração principal e a oração conectada para ganhar velocidade na folha de respostas.
Taxonomia Core: 08. Discourse Markers
SILO 3 (Macrotema): 08. Energy, Recycling & Sustainability
Subtema Técnico: Identificação e classificação semântica de conectivos lógicos, preposições e marcadores de discurso aplicados ao panorama de infraestrutura do setor energético.