FEPESE 2025 • Inglês • São José - SC
🔐 Texto de apoio
Education encompasses the teaching and acquisition of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical proficiency. It emphasizes the development of skills, trades, or professions, along with mental, moral, and aesthetic growth.
Formal education entails structured instruction, teaching, and training delivered by professional educators. It involves the application of pedagogy and the creation of curricula.
The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights has mandated all signatory parties to ensure this right. At the global level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees the right to education under Article 13.
Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often targeting children and youth. A curriculum outlines what students should know, understand, and be capable of doing after completing their education. The teaching profession facilitates learning, and a framework of policies, regulations, examinations, structures, and funding supports educators in delivering high-quality education.
Primary (or elementary) education encompasses the initial years of formal, structured education. Typically lasting six or seven years, primary education begins around the age of 5 or 6, though this timeframe varies among countries. Globally, approximately 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, with this figure steadily increasing.
In most contemporary educational systems worldwide, secondary education covers the subsequent years of formal education occurring during adolescence. It marks the transition from compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to optional, selective tertiary, or higher education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.
Higher education, also referred to as tertiary, third stage, or post-secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of secondary schooling, such as high school or secondary school. Tertiary education typically includes undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities serve as the primary institutions offering tertiary education and are collectively known as tertiary institutions. Completion of tertiary education often leads to the attainment of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
🔗 source: myenglishpages
According to the text, it is correct to infer that:
Secondary school often leads to the attainment of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
Elementary education includes the final years of formal education and it covers primary-age kids.
Colleges and schools serve as the primary institutions offering higher education and are known as tertiary institutions.
Secondary education covers the subsequent years of post-secondary schooling, occurring during adolescence.
Tertiary education encompasses undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as vocational education and training.
📝 Resolução Comentada – Questão 20
O verbo de comando infer indica que a resposta depende de uma conclusão lógica construída a partir das informações do texto, e não da simples localização de uma frase.
O último parágrafo afirma:
Tertiary education typically includes undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as vocational education and training.
Logo, pode-se concluir que a educação terciária engloba graduação, pós-graduação e formação técnico-profissional.
Tertiary Education
↓
Undergraduate
+
Postgraduate
+
Vocational Education & Training
Essa conclusão corresponde exatamente à alternativa (E).
🟢 (E) Gabarito Oficial
Mecanismo explorado: Valid Textual Inference + Logical Deduction.
A banca exige que o candidato identifique corretamente a estrutura da educação superior apresentada pelo autor.
❌ (A)
Tipo do Distrator: Falsa Associação (False Association).
Por que está errada?
Transfere uma consequência exclusiva da Tertiary Education para a Secondary School. Certificados, diplomas e graus acadêmicos são consequência da conclusão da educação superior.
Mapeamento do Erro:
Tertiary Education
↓
Certificates / Diplomas / Degrees
≠
Secondary School
❌ (B)
Tipo do Distrator: Contradição Direta (Direct Contradiction).
Por que está errada?
O texto afirma que a educação primária corresponde aos anos iniciais da educação formal. A alternativa afirma exatamente o oposto ao mencionar os anos finais.
❌ (C)
Tipo do Distrator: Distorção de Sentido (Distortion of Meaning).
Por que está errada?
Substitui universities por schools, alterando um termo técnico fundamental da organização da educação superior.
❌ (D)
Tipo do Distrator: Contradição Direta (Direct Contradiction).
Por que está errada?
A alternativa afirma que a Secondary Education corresponde aos anos do post-secondary schooling. O próprio texto estabelece exatamente a sequência oposta: a educação secundária ocorre antes da educação terciária (post-secondary).
Mapeamento do Erro:
Primary Education
↓
Secondary Education
↓
Post-secondary / Tertiary Education
Distrator:
Secondary
=
Post-secondary ✘
Técnica utilizada pela banca: Inverter a sequência cronológica dos níveis educacionais para criar uma contradição lógica imediata.
- O verbo infer identifica uma questão de Reading → Inference.
- A resposta correta decorre diretamente da organização hierárquica dos níveis de ensino apresentada no último parágrafo.
- Tertiary Education engloba:
- Undergraduate Programs
- Postgraduate Programs
- Vocational Education and Training
- Os principais distratores deslocam características de um nível educacional para outro.
- A banca explora principalmente Falsa Associação, Contradição Direta e Distorção de Sentido.
Chunk family:
- tertiary education
- undergraduate programs
- postgraduate programs
- vocational education and training
- higher education
- secondary education
- academic degrees
Gabarito Oficial: E