FEPESE 2025 • Inglês • São José - SC
🔐 Texto de apoio
Education encompasses the teaching and acquisition of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical proficiency. It emphasizes the development of skills, trades, or professions, along with mental, moral, and aesthetic growth.
Formal education entails structured instruction, teaching, and training delivered by professional educators. It involves the application of pedagogy and the creation of curricula.
The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights has mandated all signatory parties to ensure this right. At the global level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees the right to education under Article 13.
Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often targeting children and youth. A curriculum outlines what students should know, understand, and be capable of doing after completing their education. The teaching profession facilitates learning, and a framework of policies, regulations, examinations, structures, and funding supports educators in delivering high-quality education.
Primary (or elementary) education encompasses the initial years of formal, structured education. Typically lasting six or seven years, primary education begins around the age of 5 or 6, though this timeframe varies among countries. Globally, approximately 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, with this figure steadily increasing.
In most contemporary educational systems worldwide, secondary education covers the subsequent years of formal education occurring during adolescence. It marks the transition from compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to optional, selective tertiary, or higher education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.
Higher education, also referred to as tertiary, third stage, or post-secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of secondary schooling, such as high school or secondary school. Tertiary education typically includes undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities serve as the primary institutions offering tertiary education and are collectively known as tertiary institutions. Completion of tertiary education often leads to the attainment of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
🔗 source: myenglishpages
After reading the text carefully, we can infer that:
Education evolves the acquisition of knowledge.
A definition of education emphasizes technical proficiency and aesthetic growth.
The development of skills and trades are structured on mental and moral growth.
A definition of education includes the process of teaching and learning.
A definition of education encompasses the process of teaching only.
📝 Resolução Comentada – Questão 16
O comando utiliza o verbo infer, sinal clássico de que a resposta não está copiada literalmente do texto. O candidato precisa estabelecer uma ponte lógica entre informações explícitas.
O primeiro parágrafo afirma que a educação:
Education encompasses the teaching and acquisition of knowledge...
O texto menciona explicitamente o teaching e a acquisition of knowledge. A aquisição do conhecimento corresponde ao processo de learning.
Logo, pode-se inferir corretamente que uma definição de educação engloba tanto o processo de ensinar quanto o de aprender.
teaching + acquisition of knowledge ↓ teaching + learning
🟢 (D) Gabarito Oficial
Mecanismo explorado: Semantic Synthesis + Valid Textual Inference.
A banca exige que o candidato converta a expressão acquisition of knowledge em seu equivalente conceitual learning, realizando uma inferência semanticamente válida.
❌ (A)
Tipo do Distrator: Distorção de Sentido (Distortion of Meaning).
Por que está errada?
Substitui o verbo encompasses pelo verbo evolves, alterando completamente a relação semântica apresentada pelo autor.
Mapeamento do Erro:
encompasses
≠
evolves
Técnica utilizada pela banca: Trocar um verbo-chave por outro semanticamente próximo, mas incorreto.
❌ (B)
Tipo do Distrator: Reducionismo Restritivo (Too Narrow).
Por que está errada?
Seleciona apenas dois elementos da definição apresentada pelo texto (technical proficiency e aesthetic growth), ignorando todos os demais componentes que formam o conceito amplo de educação.
❌ (C)
Tipo do Distrator: Falsa Associação (False Association).
Por que está errada?
O texto apenas enumera diversos aspectos da educação. A alternativa cria uma relação de dependência ("are structured on") que jamais foi estabelecida pelo autor.
❌ (E)
Tipo do Distrator: Declaração Absoluta (Absolute Statement).
Por que está errada?
O erro está na palavra only. O texto define educação como um conceito abrangente que envolve simultaneamente o ensino e a aquisição do conhecimento. Ao restringir essa definição exclusivamente ao ato de ensinar, a alternativa elimina metade da ideia central apresentada pelo autor.
Mapeamento do Erro:
Education
= Teaching
+
Learning
Distrator:
Education
=
Teaching
only
Técnica utilizada pela banca: Inserir um restritor absoluto para reduzir artificialmente o alcance da definição original.
- O verbo de comando infer identifica imediatamente uma questão de Reading → Inference.
- A resposta correta exige transformar acquisition of knowledge em learning, produzindo uma inferência logicamente sustentada pelo texto.
- O gabarito resulta de uma síntese semântica, e não da localização de uma frase literal.
- Os distratores exploram principalmente Distorção de Sentido, Reducionismo Restritivo, Falsa Associação e Declaração Absoluta.
Chunk family:
- draw an inference
- acquisition of knowledge
- teaching and learning
- mental and moral growth
- technical proficiency
- encompass
- implicit meaning
Gabarito Oficial: D